Journal of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering

Journal of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering

Torsional Earthquake-Induced Pounding between Adjacent Buildings Founded on Different Soil Types

Document Type : Research Note

Authors
1 Ph.D., Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
2 Professor, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of the soil type on the torsional response of buildings experiencing torsional pounding due to earthquake excitations. Six buildings (one 4-storey building and five 6-storey buildings) with different configurations have been considered. First, pounding between different structures has been analysed for a specified soil type and the effect of the torsional pounding and the contact asymmetry on the torsional response of colliding buildings has been investigated. Then, these pounding cases have been considered for different soil types to study the effect of the soil type on the torsional response of buildings experiencing torsional pounding. Five soil types have been considered, i.e. hard rock, rock, very dense soil and soft rock, stiff soil and soft clay soil. The results of the study indicate that the earthquake-induced torsional pounding causes an increase in the peak storey rotation of the colliding buildings as compared to the symmetric pounding in all cases. Higher peak storey rotations have been experienced for colliding buildings founded on the soft clay soil, then for buildings founded on the stiff soil, then for buildings founded on very dense soil and soft rock, and finally for buildings founded on the rock and hard rock.
Keywords

Subjects


Ahmed, M., Farghaly, A. (2023). Combined Effect of Seismic-Induced Collision and Soil Stress Irregularity on Seismic Response of Adjacent High-Rise Buildings: Evaluation and Mitigation', JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences, 51(1), pp. 51-80. doi: 10.21608/jesaun.2022.167818.1172.
Anagnostopoulos, S. (1996). Building pounding re-examined: how serious a problem is it. Eleventh World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. Pergamon, Elsevier Science Oxford, UK, 2108.
Anagnostopoulos, SA. (1988). Pounding of buildings in series during earthquakes. Earthquake Engineering and Structural dynamics 16: 443-456.
Chau, K.T., Wei, X., Shen, C., et al. (2004). Experimental and theoretical simulations of seismic torsional poundings between two adjacent structures. 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering 13WCEE. 1-6.
Chau (2008)
Cole, G.L., Dhakal, R. and Chouw, N. (2012a). Building Pounding Damage Observed in the 2011 Christchurch earthquake Christchurch Earthquake. 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.
Cole, G.L., Dhakal, R., Carr, A., et al. (2010). Interbuilding pounding damage observed in the 2010 Darfield earthquake. Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, 43: 382-386.
Cole, G.L., Dhakal, R., Carr. A., et al. (2011). Case studies of observed pounding damage during the 2010 Darfield earthquake. Proceedings of the Ninth Pacific Conference on Earthquake Engineering.
Cole, G.L., Dhakal, R.P. and Turner, F.M. (2012b). Building pounding damage observed in the 2011 Christchurch earthquake. Earthquake Engineering and Structural dynamics 41: 893-913.
Computers and Structures I, Berkeley, California. CSI Analysis Reference Manual For SAP 2000, ETABS, SAFE and CSI Bridge.
Computers and Structures I, (2018). ETABS. Berkeley, California.
Crozet, V., Politopoulos, I., Yang, M., et al. (2017). Influential structural parameters of pounding between buildings during earthquakes. Procedia Engineering 199: 1092-1097.
Crozet, V., Politopoulos, I., Yang, M., et al. (2018). Sensitivity analysis of pounding between adjacent structures. Earthquake Engineering and Structural dynamics 47: 219-235.
Efraimiadou, S., Hatzigeorgiou, G.D. and Beskos, D.E. (2013). Structural pounding between adjacent buildings subjected to strong ground motions. Part I: The effect of different structures arrangement. Earthquake Engineering and Structural dynamics 42: 1509-1528.
Ehab, M., Salem, H., Mostafa, H., et al. (2014). Earthquake pounding effect on adjacent reinforced concrete buildings. International Journal of Computer Applications, 106.
Elwardany, H., Seleemah, A., Jankowski, R., et al. (2019). Influence of soil–structure interaction on seismic pounding between steel frame buildings considering the effect of infill panels. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 17, 6165-6202.
Farghaly, A.A. (2017). Seismic analysis of adjacent buildings subjected to double pounding considering soil–structure interaction. International Journal of Advanced Structural Engineering 9: 51-62.
Fatahi, B., Van Nguyen, Q., Xu, R., et al. (2018). Three-dimensional response of neighboring buildings sitting on pile foundations to seismic pounding. International Journal of Geomechanics, 18, 04018007.
Favvata, M.J. (2017). Minimum required separation gap for adjacent RC frames with potential inter-story seismic pounding. Engineering Structures, 152, 643-659.
Fiore, A., Marano, G.C. and Monaco, P. (2013). Earthquake-induced lateral-torsional pounding between two equal height multi-storey buildings under multiple bi-directional ground motions. Advances in Structural Engineering 16: 845-865.
Ghandil, M. and Aldaikh, H. (2017). Damage-based seismic planar pounding analysis of adjacent symmetric buildings considering inelastic structure–soil–structure interaction. Earthquake Engineering and Structural dynamics 46: 1141-1159.
Gong, L. and Hao, H. (2005). Analysis of coupled lateral-torsional-pounding responses of one-storey asymmetric adjacent structures subjected to bi-directional ground motions Part I: Uniform ground motion input. Advances in Structural Engineering 8: 463-479.
Hosseini, S., Naderpour, H., Vahdani, R., et al. (2022). Evaluation of pounding effects between reinforced concrete frames subjected to far-field earthquakes in terms of damage index. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 20: 1219–1245.
Ibrahimbegovic, A. and Wilson, E.L. (1989). Simple numerical algorithms for the mode superposition analysis of linear structural systems with non-proportional damping. Computers and Structures 33: 523-531.
Inel, M., Cayaci, B.T., Kamal, M., et al. (2014). Structural pounding of mid-rise RC buildings during earthquakes. The Second European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Semiology.
Jameel, M., Islam, A., Hussain, R.R., et al. (2013). Non-linear FEM analysis of seismic induced pounding between neighbouring multi-storey structures. Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures 10: 921-939.
Jankowski, R. (2005). Impact force spectrum for damage assessment of earthquake-induced structural pounding. Key Engineering Materials 293: 711-718.
Jankowski, R. (2006). Pounding force response spectrum under earthquake excitation. Engineering Structures 28: 1149-1161.
Jaradat, and Far (2021). Optimum stiffness values for impact element models to determine pounding forces between adjacent buildings. Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 77(2), 293-304.
Kamgar, R., Tavakoli, R., Rahgozar, P., et al. (2021). Application of discrete wavelet transform in seismic nonlinear analysis of soil–structure interaction problems. Earthquake Spectra 37, 1980-2012.
Karayannis, C.G. and Naoum, M.C. (2017). Inter-story pounding and torsional effect due to interaction between adjacent multistory RC buildings. 6th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Greece.
Karayannis, C.G. and Naoum, M.C. (2018). Torsional behavior of multistory RC frame structures due to asymmetric seismic interaction. Engineering Structures, 163: 93-111.
Kasai, K. and Maison, B.F. (1997). Building pounding damage during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. Engineering Structures 19: 195-207.
Kontoni, D-PN and Farghaly, AA. (2018). Seismic response of adjacent unequal buildings subjected to double pounding considering soil-structure interaction. Computation 6: 10.
Li, P., Liu, S. and Lu, Z. (2017). Studies on pounding response considering structure-soil-structure interaction under seismic loads. Sustainability 9: 2219.
Madani, B., Behnamfar, F. and Riahi, H.T. (2015). Dynamic response of structures subjected to pounding and structure–soil–structure interaction. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 78: 46-60.
Mahmoud, S., Abd-Elhamed, A. and Jankowski, R. (2013). Earthquake-induced pounding between equal height multi-storey buildings considering soil-structure interaction. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 11: 1021-1048.
Mavronicola, E.A., Polycarpou, P.C., and Komodromos, P. (2020). Effect of ground motion directionality on the seismic response of base isolated buildings pounding against adjacent structures. Engineering Structures 207: 110202.
Miari, M. and Jankowski, R. (2021). Pounding between high-rise buildings founded on different soil types. 17th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. Sendai, Japan.
Miari, M. and Jankowski, R. (2022a). Incremental dynamic analysis and fragility assessment of buildings with different structural arrangements experiencing earthquake-induced structural pounding. International Conference on Computational Science. London, UK, 117-124.
Miari, M. and Jankowski, R. (2022b). Pounding Between High-Rise Buildings with Different Structural Arrangements. International Conference on Wave Mechanics and Vibrations. Springer, 807-816.
Miari, M. and Jankowski, R. (2022c). Analysis of pounding between adjacent buildings founded on different soil types. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 154: 107156.
Miari, M. and Jankowski, R. (2022d). Incremental dynamic analysis and fragility assessment of buildings founded on different soil types experiencing structural pounding during earthquakes. Engineering Structures, 252.
Miari, M. and Jankowski, R. (2022e). Shaking table experimental study on pounding between adjacent structures founded on different soil types. Structures 44: 851-879.
Miari, M. and Jankowski, R. (2022f). Seismic gap between buildings founded on different soil types experiencing pounding during earthquakes. Earthquake Spectra 38: 2183 - 2206.
Miari, M. and Jankowski, R. (2022g) Analysis of floor-to-column pounding of buildings founded on different soil types. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 20: 7241–7262.
Miari, M. and Jankowski, R. (2023) Effective equations for the optimum seismic gap preventing earthquake-induced pounding between adjacent buildings founded on different soil types. Applied Sciences, 13(17): 9741.
Miari, M., Choong, K.K. and Jankowski, R. (2019) Seismic pounding between adjacent buildings: Identification of parameters, soil interaction issues and mitigation measures. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 121: 135-150.
Miari, M., Choong, K.K. and Jankowski, R. (2021) Seismic pounding between bridge segments: a state-of-the-art review. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, 28: 495-504.
Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures (ASCE/SEI 7-10).
Naserkhaki, S., Aziz, F.N.A., and Pourmohammad, H. (2012). Earthquake induced pounding between adjacent buildings considering soil-structure interaction. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 11: 343-358.
Naserkhaki, S, El Rich M, Abdul AF, et al. (2013). Separation gap, a critical factor in earthquake induced pounding between adjacent buildings. Asian Journal of Civil Engineering (BHRC) 14: 881-898.
Naserkhaki, S, El-Rich M, Aziz F, et al. (2014). Pounding between adjacent buildings of varying height coupled through soil. Structural Engineering and Mechanics 52: 573-593.
NK, A and Nair N. (2016). Evaluation of seismic pounding between adjacent RC building. International Journal for Innovative Research in Science and Technology 3: 138-147.
Ozer, E. (2024). Seismic pounding of adjacent buildings considering torsional effects. Bull. Earthquake Eng.22, 2139–2171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-023-01849-x
Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Centre (PEER NGA DATABASE).
Preciado, A., Peña, F., Fonseca, F.C., et al. (2022). Damage description and schematic crack propagation in Colonial Churches and old masonry buildings by the 2017 Puebla-Morelos earthquakes (Mw= 8.2 and 7.1). Engineering Failure Analysis, 141: 106706.
Raheem, SEA. (2006). Seismic pounding between adjacent building structures. Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering, 6, 155.
Raheem, SEA. (2014). Mitigation measures for earthquake induced pounding effects on seismic performance of adjacent buildings. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 12: 1705-1724.
Raheem, S. A. et al. (2019). Seismic pounding effects on the adjacent symmetric buildings with eccentric alignment. Earthquakes and Structures. Techno press, 16(6), 715-726.
Raheem, S.A. et al. (2021). Seismic pounding between adjacent buildings considering soil-structure interaction. Earthquakes and Structures. 20(1), Techno Press, 55–70, doi: 10.12989/EAS.2021.20.1.055.
Rajaram, C. and Kumar, R.P. (2012). Three Dimensional Modeling of Pounding Between Adjacent Buildings. Fourth International Conference on Structural Stability and Dynamics (ICSSD 2012), Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur & Texas A&M University, USA. 4-6.
Rezaei, H., Moayyedi, S.A. and Jankowski, R. (2020). Probabilistic seismic assessment of RC box-girder highway bridges with unequal-height piers subjected to earthquake-induced pounding. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 18, 1547-1578.
Rojas, F.R. and Anderson, J.C. (2012). Pounding of an 18-story building during recorded earthquakes. Journal of Structural Engineering, 138, 1530-1544.
Rosenblueth, E. and Meli, R. (1986). The 1985 mexico earthquake. Concrete International 8: 23-34.
Shakya, K. and Wijeyewickrema, A.C. (2009). Mid-column pounding of multi-story reinforced concrete buildings considering soil effects. Advances in Structural Engineering 12: 71-85.
Shakya, K., Wijeyewickrema A.C. and Ohmachi T. (2008). Mid-column seismic pounding of reinforced concrete buildings in a row considering effects of soil. 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. 12-17.
Sharma, K., Deng, L. and Noguez, C.C. (2016). Field investigation on the performance of building structures during the April 25, 2015, Gorkha earthquake in Nepal. Engineering Structures 121: 61-74.
Sołtysik, B. and Jankowski, R. (2013). Non-linear strain rate analysis of earthquake-induced pounding between steel buildings. International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering 6: 429-433.
Sołtysik, B. and Jankowski, R. (2015). Building damage due to structural pounding during earthquakes. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 628: 012040.
Sołtysik, B., Falborski, T. and Jankowski, R. (2017). Preventing of earthquake-induced pounding between steel structures by using polymer elements–experimental study. Procedia Engineering 199: 278-283.
Stewart, J.P., Fenves, G.L. and Seed, R.B. (1999). Seismic soil-structure interaction in buildings. I: Analytical methods. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 125, 26-37.
Uz, M.E., Jakubczyk-Gałczyńska, A., Jankowski, R. (2023). Numerical Analysis of Seismic Pounding between Adjacent Buildings Accounting for SSI. Appl. Sci.13, 3092. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13053092.
Wang, L. and Chau, K. (2008). Chaotic seismic torsional pounding between two single-story asymmetric towers. Proceeding of 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 12-17.
Wei, X., Wang, L. and Chau, K.T. (2009). Nonlinear seismic torsional pounding between an asymmetric tower and a barrier. Earthquake Spectra, 25, 899-925.
Volume 26, Issue 2
2024
Pages 49-62

  • Receive Date 12 February 2024
  • Revise Date 08 June 2024
  • Accept Date 26 June 2024
  • Publish Date 01 May 2024