1
Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman
2
Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman
3
Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman
Abstract
The prediction of the seismic behavior of structures during earthquake has always been an important concern for earthquake and structural engineers. In addition to earthquakes, the behavior of soil and its effects on seismic responses of structure, also known as Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI), make this problem more complicated. For this purpose, today, many investigations are focusing on soil role in seismic behavior of structures. In this study, the seismic behavior of steel structures with various heights under the SSI effect have been studied. For this purpose, three steel structures including 9, 15 and 20 story frames were modeled using Opensees. Besides, their seismic behaviors under different base conditions including fixed base and on three different types of soil (B, C and D) under 11 bedrock earthquakes were also investigated using the direct method. The responses in two terms including story shear and story drift were also investigated.
Kramer, S.L. (1996) Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering. Prentice Hall Civil Engineering and
Engineering Mechanics Series.
Dutta, S.C., Bhattacharya, K. and Roy, R. (2004) Response of low-rise buildings under seismic ground excitation incorporating soil-structure interaction. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 24, 893-914.
Veletsos A.S. and Meek J.W. (1974) Dynamic behaviour of building-foundation systems. Earthquake
Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 3, 121-138.
Galal, K. and Naimi, M. (2008) Effect of soil conditions on the response of reinforced concrete tall structures to near-fault earthquakes. The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, 17, 541-562.
Karapetrou, S., Fotopoulou, S., and Pitilakis, K. (2015) Seismic vulnerability assessment of high-rise non-ductile RC buildings considering soil-structure interaction effects. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 73, 42-57.
Krishnamoorthy, A. and Anita, S. (2016) Soilstructure interaction analysis of a FPS-isolated structure using finite element model. Structures, 5, 44-57.
Tabatabaiefar, H.R., Fatahi, B., and Samali, B. (2013) Lateral seismic response of building frames considering dynamic soil-structure interaction effects. Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 45, 311-321.
Matinmanesh, H. and Asheghabadi, M.S. (2011) Seismic analysis on soil-structure interaction of buildings over sandy soil. Procedia Engineering, 14, 1737-1743.
Tabatabaiefar, H.R. and Massumi, A. (2010) A simplified method to determine seismic responses of reinforced concrete moment resisting building frames under influence of soil-structure interaction. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 30, 1259-1267.
Harden, C.W., Hutchinson, T., Martin, G.R., and Kutter, B.L. (2005) Numerical Modeling of the Nonlinear Cyclic Response of Shallow Foundations. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, PEER.
Raychowdhury, P. (2008) Nonlinear Winklerbased Shallow Foundation Model for Performance Assessment of Seismically Loaded Structures. University of California, San Diego.
Raychowdhury, P. and Hutchinson, T.C. (2009) Performance evaluation of a nonlinear Winklerbased shallow foundation model using centrifuge test results. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 38, 679-698.
Rajeev, P. and Tesfamariam, S. (2012) Seismic fragilities of non-ductile reinforced concrete frames with consideration of soil structure interaction. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 40, 78-86.
Behnamfar, F. and Banizadeh, M. (2016) Effects of soil-structure interaction on distribution of seismic vulnerability in RC structures. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 80, 73-86.
Raychowdhury, P. (2009) Effect of soil parameter uncertainty on seismic demand of low-rise steel buildings on dense silty sand. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 29(10), 1367-1378.
Minasidis, G., Hatzigeorgiou, G., and Beskos, D. (2014) SSI in steel frames subjected to near-fault earthquakes. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 66, 56-68.
Nova, R. and Montrasio, L. (1991) Settlements of shallow foundations on sand. Geotechnique, 41, 243-256.
Paolucci, R. (1997) Simplified evaluation of earthquake-induced permanent displacements of shallow foundations. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 1(03), 563-579.
Grange, S., Kotronis, P., and Mazars, J. (2009) A macro-element to simulate dynamic soilstructure interaction. Engineering Structures, 31, 3034-3046.
Grange, S., Botrugno, L., Kotronis, P., and Tamagnini, C. (2011) The effects of soil structure interaction on a reinforced concrete viaduct. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 40, 93-105.
Farfani, H.A., Behnamfar, F., and Fathollahi, A. (2015) Dynamic analysis of soil-structure interaction using the neural networks and the support vector machines. Expert Systems with Applications, 42, 8971-8981.
Pala, M., Caglar, N., Elmas, M., Cevik, A., and Saribiyik, M. (2008) Dynamic soil-structure interaction analysis of buildings by neural networks. Construction and Building Materials, 22(3), 330-342.
Xiong, W., Jiang, L.Z., and Li, Y.Z. (2016) Influence of soil-structure interaction (structureto-soil relative stiffness and mass ratio) on the fundamental period of buildings: experimental observation and analytical verification. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 14, 139-160.
Hokmabadi, A.S., Fatahi, B., and Samali, B. (2014) Seismic response of mid-rise buildings on shallow and end-bearing pile foundations in soft soil. Soils and Foundations, 54, 345-363.
OpenSees (2013) Open system for earthquake engineering simulation. PEER, http://opensees.berkeley.edu, Richmond, CA, USA.
Karavasilis T.L., Bazeos, N., and Beskos, D.E. (2007) Behavior factor for performance-based seismic design of plane steel moment resisting frames. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 11, 531-559.
EC3 - EN 1993-1-1. Eurocode 3 (1993) Design of Steel Structures. Part 1-1: General Rules and Rules for Buildings. European committee for standardization (CEN), Brussels.
EC8 - EN 1998-1. Eurocode 8 (2005) Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance; Part 1: General Rules. Seismic Actions and Rules for Buildings. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels.
Lignos, D., Krawinkler, H., and Whittaker, A. (2011) Prediction and validation of sidesway collapse of two scale models of a 4-story steel moment frame. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 40, 807-825.
Krawinkler, H. (1971) Inelastic Behavior of Steel Beam-to-Column Sub assemblages. Vol. 71. University of California, Berkeley.
Krawinkler, H. and Mohasseb, S. (1987) Effects of panel zone deformations on seismic response. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 8, 233-250.
Mansouri, I. and Saffari, H. (2014) A new steel panel zone model including axial force for thin to thick column flanges. Steel and Composite Structures, 16, 417-436.
Saffari, H., Sarfarazi, S., and Fakhraddini, A. (2016) A mathematical steel panel zone model for flanged cruciform columns. Steel and Composite Structures, 20, 851-867.
Karimi, Z. and Dashti, S. (2015) Numerical and centrifuge modeling of seismic soil-foundation structure interaction on liquefiable ground. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 142, 04015061.
Karimi, Z. and Dashti, S. (2016) Seismic performance of shallow founded structures on liquefiable ground: validation of numerical simulations using centrifuge experiments. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 142, 04016011.
Gutierrez, J.A. and Chopra, A.K. (1978) A substructure method for earthquake analysis of structures including structure-soil interaction. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 6, 51-69.
Lysmer, J. and Kuhlemeyer, R.L. (1969) Finite dynamic model for infinite media. Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, 95, 859-878.
White, W., Lee, I.K., and Valliappan, S. (1977) Unified boundary for finite dynamic models. Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, 103, 949-964.
Zienkiewicz, O., Bicanic, N., and Shen, F. (1989) Earthquake Input Definition and the Transmitting Boundary Conditions. Advances in Computational Nonlinear Mechanics, 109-138.
Bentley, K.J. and Naggar, M.H.E. (2000) Numerical analysis of kinematic response of single piles. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 37, 1368-1382.
Maheshwari, B.K., Truman, K.Z., El Naggar, M.H., and Gould, P.L. (2004) Three-dimensional finite element nonlinear dynamic analysis of pile groups for lateral transient and seismic excitations. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 41(1), 118-133.
Zhao, C. and Valliappan, S. (1993) A dynamic infinite element for three-dimensional infinite-domain wave problems. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 36, 2567-2580.
Dutta, S.C. and Roy, R. (2002) A critical review on idealization and modeling for interaction among soil-foundation-structure system. Computers and Structures, 80, 1579-1594.
Kocak, S. and Mengi, Y. (2000) A simple soil structure interaction model. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 24, 607-635.
Spyrakos, C., Maniatakis, C.A., and Koutromanos, I. (2009) Soil-structure interaction effects on base-isolated buildings founded on soil stratum. Engineering Structures, 31, 729-737.
Zheng, J. and Takeda, T. (1995) Effects of soil structure interaction on seismic response of PC cable-stayed bridge. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 14, 427-437.
Ghosh, S. and Wilson, E. (1969) Dynamic Stress Analysis of Axisymmetric Structures under Arbitrary Loading. University of California, Berkeley.
Rayhani, M. and El Naggar, M.H. (2008) Numerical modeling of seismic response of rigid foundation on soft soil. International Journal of Geomechanics, 8, 336-346.
Saez, E., Lopez-Caballero, F. and Modaressi-Farahmand-Razavi, A. (2011) Effect of the inelastic dynamic soil-structure interaction on the seismic vulnerability assessment. Structural Safety, 33, 51-63.
Saez, E., Lopez-Caballero, F., and Modaressi-Farahmand-Razavi, A. (2013) Inelastic dynamic soil-structure interaction effects on momentresisting frame buildings. Engineering Structures, 51, 166-177.
Jeremic, B., Jie, G., Preisig, M., and Tafazzoli, N. (2009) Time domain simulation of soil-foundation structure interaction in non-uniform soils. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 38, 699.
Pitilakis, K., Karapetrou, S., and Fotopoulou, S. (2014) Consideration of aging and SSI effects on seismic vulnerability assessment of RC buildings. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 12, 1755-1776.
Hashash, Y.M., Dashti, S., Romero, M.I., Ghayoomi, M., and Musgrove, M. (2015) Evaluation of 1-D seismic site response modeling of sand using centrifuge experiments. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 78, 19-31.
Jabini Asli, S., Saffari, H., & Zahedi, M. J. (2017). The Effects of Soil-Structure Interaction on Seismic Response of Steel Moment Resisting Frames. Journal of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, 19(4), 313-325.
MLA
Sahand Jabini Asli; Hamed Saffari; Mohammad Javad Zahedi. "The Effects of Soil-Structure Interaction on Seismic Response of Steel Moment Resisting Frames". Journal of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, 19, 4, 2017, 313-325.
HARVARD
Jabini Asli, S., Saffari, H., Zahedi, M. J. (2017). 'The Effects of Soil-Structure Interaction on Seismic Response of Steel Moment Resisting Frames', Journal of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, 19(4), pp. 313-325.
VANCOUVER
Jabini Asli, S., Saffari, H., Zahedi, M. J. The Effects of Soil-Structure Interaction on Seismic Response of Steel Moment Resisting Frames. Journal of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, 2017; 19(4): 313-325.
)