Seismic Fragility of Low-Rise RC Frames with Construction Deficiencies Subjected to Mainshock-Aftershock Sequences

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Civil Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad

2 Structural Engineering Research Center, International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES)

3 Department of Civil Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University

Abstract

The accuracy of local contractors in constructing Low-rise RC structures located in small towns is subjected to substantial fluctuations that increase the vulnerability of these structures, especially when sequential excitations are under consideration. Four major construction deficiencies are identified in this study by an initial field survey and are then considered in numerical modeling of a 3-story RC moment frame. The median collapse capacity (MCC) of Low-rise RC moment frames under sequential excitations is evaluated in presence of construction faults identified in a field study. Various mainshock levels represented by their maximum inter-story drifts are then imposed on the as-designed and the deficient structures. Following each mainshock, the median collapse capacities (MCCs) of the structures under the aftershock are computed using the IDA method. Investigating the obtained MCCs showed that unintended increase of the beams’ width can help in reducing structure’s vulnerability against sequential excitations. Despite this, the comparison of the residual drifts imposed by the mainshocks showed the decreased ductility caused by this construction deficiency. Ranking the MCC reductions caused by the other deficient models, the highest vulnerabilities were posed by the models that caused larger column plasticities at the collapse state and prevented effective yielding of the beams.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Imam, B. and Chryssanthopoulos, M. (2010) A review of metallic bridge failure statistics. Bridge Maintenance, Safety and Management: Proceedings of the Fifth International IABMAS Conference.
  2. Hansson, E.F. (2011) Analysis of structural failures in timber structures: Typical causes for failure and failure modes. Engineering Structures, 33(11), 2978-2982.
  3. Melchers, R. (1989) Human error in structural design tasks. Journal of Structural Engineering, 115(7), 1795-1807.
  4. Ellingwood, B.R. (1994) Probability-based codified design: past accomplishments and future challenges. Structural Safety, 13(3), 159-176.
  5. Ellingwood, B.R. (2001) Acceptable risk bases for design of structures. Progress in Structural Engineering and Materials, 3(2), 170-179.
  6. Zhang, H., Rasmussen, K.J. and Ellingwood, B.R. (2012) Reliability assessment of steel scaffold shoring structures for concrete formwork. Engineering Structures, 36, 81-89.
  7. El-Shahhat, A.M., Rosowsky, D.V. and Chen, W.-F. (1993) Construction safety of multistory concrete buildings. Structural Journal, 90(4), 335-341.
  8. Epaarachchi, D.C., Stewart, M.G. and Rosowsky, D.V. (2002) Structural reliability of multistory buildings during construction. Journal of Structural Engineering, 128(2), 205-213.
  9. Epaarachchi, D.C. and Stewart, M.G. (2004) Human error and reliability of multistory reinforced-concrete building construction. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 18(1), 12-20.
  10. Hong, H. and He, W. (2015) Effect of human error on the reliability of roof panel under uplift wind pressure. Structural Safety, 52, 54-65.
  11. Gashti, E., et al. (2014) Evaluation of Traditional Methods in Construction and Their Effects on Reinforced-Concrete Buildings Behavior. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Civil, Environmental, Structural, Construction and Architectural Engineering, 8(12), 1275-1281.
  12. Luco, N., Bazzurro, P. and Cornell, C.A. (2004) Dynamic versus static computation of the residual capacity of a mainshock-damaged building to withstand an aftershock. 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.
  13. Yeo, G.L. and Cornell, C.A. (2005) Stochastic Characterization and Decision Bases under Time-Dependent Aftershock Risk in Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center Berkeley, CA.
  14. Li, Q. and Ellingwood, B.R. (2007) Performance evaluation and damage assessment of steel frame buildings under main shock–aftershock earthquake sequences. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 36(3), 405-427.
  15. IIEES (2017) 2017 Sarpol-e-Zahab Earthquake Report, Volume III, Structures and Lifeline. International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, Tehran, Iran.
  16. Building and Housing Research Center, (2013) Standard No. 2800, Iranian Code of Practice for Seismic Resistant Design of Buildings, 4th Edition.
  17. ACI (2014) Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete, in ACI 318-14. 2014. American Concrete Institute.
  18. Mazzoni, S. et al. (2004) OpenSees Users Manual. PEER Center, University of California, Berkeley.
  19. Haselton, C.B. (2008) Beam-Column Element Model Calibrated for Predicting Flexural Response Leading to Global Collapse of RC Frame Buildings. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center.
  20. Zareian, F., Lignos, D. and Krawinkler, H. (2010) Evaluation of seismic collapse performance of steel special moment resisting frames using FEMA P695 (ATC-63) methodology. Proc. ASCE Structures Congress, Orlando, May.
  21. Park, R., Kent, D.C. and Sampson, R.A. (1972) Reinforced concrete members with cyclic loading. Journal of the Structural Division, 98(st7).
  22. Ibarra, L.F., Medina, R.A. and Krawinkler, H. (2005) Hysteretic models that incorporate strength and stiffness deterioration. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 34(12), 1489-1511.
  23. Altoontash, A. (2004) Simulation and Damage Models for Performance Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Joints. Stanford University Stanford, California.
  24. Panagiotakos, T.B. and Fardis, M.N. (2001) Deformations of reinforced concrete members at yielding and ultimate. Structural Journal, 98(2), 135-148.
  25. Mohammad Noh, N., Liberatore, L., Mollaioli, F. and Tesfamariam, S. (2017) Modelling of masonry infilled RC frames subjected to cyclic loads: State of the art review and modelling with OpenSees. Engineering Structures, 150, 599-621.
  26. NIST, G. GCR 10-917-8 (2010) Evaluation of the FEMA P-695 Methodology for Quantification of Building Seismic Performance Factors. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD.
  27. FEMA P695 (2009) Quantification of Building Seismic Performance Factors, F.E.M. Agency, Editor. Washington, DC.
  28. Hauksson, E., Jones, L.M. and Hutton, K. (1995) The 1994 Northridge earthquake sequence in California: Seismological and tectonic aspects. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 100(B7), 12335-12355.
  29. Kao, H. and Chen, W.-P. (2000) The Chi-Chi earthquake sequence: Active, out-of-sequence thrust faulting in Taiwan. Science, 288(5475), 2346-2349.
  30. Kawashima, K. et al. (2009) Reconnaissance report on damage of bridges in 2008 Wenchuan, China, earthquake. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 13(7), 65-996.
  31. Mahin, S.A. (1980) Effects of duration and aftershocks on inelastic design earthquakes. Proceedings of the 7th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.
  32. Sunasaka, Y. and Kiremidjian, A.S. (1993) A Method for Structural Safety Evaluation under Mainshock-Aftershock Earthquake Sequences. John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center.
  33. Aschheim, M. and Black, E. (1999) Effects of prior earthquake damage on response of simple stiffness-degrading structures. Earthquake Spectra, 15(1), 1-24.
  34. Lee, K. and Foutch, D.A. (2004) Performance evaluation of damaged steel frame buildings subjected to seismic loads. Journal of Structural Engineering, 130(4), 588-599.
  35. Ryu, H. et al. (2011) Developing fragilities for mainshock-damaged structures through incremental dynamic analysis. Ninth Pacific Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Auckland, New Zealand.
  36. Vamvatsikos, D. and Cornell, C.A. (2002) Incremental dynamic analysis. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 31(3), 491-514.
  37. Li, Y., Song, R. and Van De Lindt, J.W. (2014) Collapse fragility of steel structures subjected to earthquake mainshock-aftershock sequences. Journal of Structural Engineering, 140(12), 04014095.
  38. Raghunandan, M., Liel, A.B. and Luco, N. (2015) Aftershock collapse vulnerability assessment of reinforced concrete frame structures. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 44(3), 419-439.
  39. ASCE-41 (2006) Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings. American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA.
  40. Jalali, S.A. and Darvishan, E. (2019) Seismic demand assessment of self-centering steel plate shear walls. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 162.
Journal of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering
Volume 22, Issue 3
August 2020
Pages 39-57

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics